How to Buy a Gun Online: A Comprehensive Guide

Buying a gun online has become increasingly popular due to convenience and the wide selection available. However, purchasing firearms online involves specific legal requirements and safety considerations that every buyer should understand before making a purchase.

Understanding the Legal Framework for Online Gun Purchases

Federal law treats online gun sales the same as other firearm transfers. The key factors that determine the process are whether the firearm is shipped across state lines and the applicable state and federal background check requirements.

Interstate Sales and Federal Regulations

Federal law generally prohibits direct sales or transfers of firearms to unlicensed individuals in another state. This means if you buy a gun from a seller in a different state, the firearm must be shipped to a licensed Federal Firearms License (FFL) dealer in your state. The dealer will then complete the necessary paperwork and background check before you can take possession of the gun.

"In order to acquire a gun online from a seller located in another state, a buyer will generally have to have the firearm shipped to a licensed dealer to process the sale." — Giffords Law Center

Background Checks and Private Sale Loopholes

While federal law mandates background checks for sales through licensed dealers, many states allow private sales without background checks, including some online transactions. This loophole can enable prohibited individuals to obtain firearms without screening. Advocates urge universal background checks to close this gap and enhance public safety.


The Step-by-Step Process of Buying a Gun Online

  1. Choose Your Firearm: Decide on the type and model of gun you want to purchase based on your needs and preferences.
  2. Find a Licensed Seller: Verify that the online seller holds a valid Federal Firearms License (FFL). You can check the license through the ATF's eZ Check system to avoid scams.
  3. Select an FFL Dealer in Your State: Since the firearm must be shipped to a licensed dealer in your state, choose a dealer who will receive the gun and facilitate the transfer.
  4. Complete the Purchase: The seller ships the firearm to your chosen FFL dealer. You will then visit the dealer to fill out the required paperwork, including federal and state forms.
  5. Pass the Background Check: The dealer will conduct a background check using the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). You must present a government-issued photo ID with your current address.
  6. Take Possession of Your Firearm: Once you pass the background check and complete all paperwork, you can legally take possession of your gun.

Who Cannot Legally Buy a Gun Online?

Federal law prohibits certain individuals from purchasing firearms, whether online or in person. These include:

  • Individuals convicted of felonies or certain misdemeanors
  • Persons subject to restraining orders related to domestic violence
  • Individuals adjudicated as mentally ill or committed to mental institutions
  • Illegal drug users or addicts
  • Fugitives from justice
  • Non-U.S. citizens without proper residency status

State laws may impose additional restrictions, so it is important to check your local regulations before purchasing.

Popular Online Platforms for Buying Guns

Several reputable online marketplaces facilitate gun sales while complying with federal and state laws. These platforms connect buyers with licensed sellers and ensure transfers go through FFL dealers.

  • GunBroker.com: An auction-style marketplace with thousands of listings, offering a secure and transparent buying experience.
  • Guns.com: Offers a large inventory of new and used firearms, with hassle-free paperwork and fast shipping.
  • Cabela's: Provides a wide selection of firearms with free shipping to local stores for pickup.

Safety Tips When Buying Guns Online

  • Verify the Seller's Credentials: Always confirm the seller’s FFL status through official channels to avoid scams.
  • Understand Your State Laws: Gun laws vary widely by state, including restrictions on certain types of firearms and required permits.
  • Use Licensed Dealers for Transfers: Never accept direct shipments of firearms without going through an FFL dealer.
  • Keep Records: Maintain copies of all purchase documents and transfer paperwork for your records.

Common Questions About Buying Guns Online

Can I buy a handgun online?

Yes, but federal law requires that handguns purchased online be shipped to a licensed dealer in your state, who will conduct the background check and transfer process.

Is a background check always required?

Background checks are required for all sales through licensed dealers. However, some states allow private sales without checks, which can include some online transactions. It is safest to buy through licensed dealers who perform background checks.

How long does the background check take?

Most background checks are completed within minutes through the NICS system, but some may take longer if additional review is needed.

Final Considerations

Buying a gun online can be straightforward if you understand and follow the legal requirements and safety precautions. Always prioritize purchasing through licensed dealers, comply with federal and state laws, and ensure all transfers include proper background checks to promote responsible gun ownership.